
 
 MONOPOLUL MEDIA AMERICAN, PE INTELESUL TUTUROR
 
 - apartenenta corporatista si problemele din mass-media americana -
 
 Informatii furnizate de FreePress.net
 [http://www.freepress.net/ownership/] si Who Owns What?
 [http://www.cjr.org/tools/owners/], analiza realizata de Columbia
 Journalism Review.
 
 FP este o organizatie americana non-profit, ce urmareste implicarea
 publicului in stabilirea politicilor media, cu scopul creerii unui
 sistem media democratic. CJR este publicatia Graduate School of
 Journalism [http://www.jrn.columbia.edu/] din cadrul Columbia
 University.
 
 DE CE NE PASA DE MEDIA?
 
 Pentru ca joaca un rol urias in viata noastra. Petrecem ore fara
 numar expusi la televiziune, radio, carti, ziare, reviste ori
 internet. Aceste mijloace media (in)formeaza ideile sau opiniile
 noastre, valorile sau credintele noastre. Ele reflecta si
 influenteaza cultura noastra prin arta si amuzament.
 
 Mass-media sunt institutii speciale in societatea noastra; ele joaca
 un rol vital in intelegerea de catre cetateni a problemelor sociale
 si politice si functioneaza ca "filtre" prin care chestiuni, oameni
 si evenimente trebuie sa treaca. Ele influenteaza perceptia
 cetatenilor si factorilor de decizie, afectand politici ce ne privesc
 pe toti.
 
 Mass-media nu sunt o afacere oarecare: informatia este vitala pentru
 democratie - si atunci cand punctele de vedere sunt ciuntite si
 ideile nu pot gasi un debuseu, democratia sufera.
 
 CE NU ESTE IN REGULA CU MASS-MEDIA?
 
 [nota red. AM: materialul de fata se refera strict la situatia din
 SUA. In Romania, scara la care se petrec evenimentele este infinit
 mai mica si de aceea studiul poate parea lipsit de relevanta. Insa am
 considerat util sa il popularizam pentru a sublinia atentia deosebita
 de care se bucura situatia mijloacelor de informare in masa in alte
 tari in randul opiniei publice. Intregul site FreePress.net, sau
 altele precum OpenAirWaves.org, editat de Center for Public
 Integrity, reflecta pe deplin starea de fapt. Si exemplele pot
 continua!]
 
 Oameni de toate conditiile si de toate opiniile politice sunt
 preocupati de starea in care se afla mass-media. Multi cetateni se
 plang ca mijloacele de informare axate pe actualitate au virat
 inspre 'infotainment' [termen semnificand productii media ce combina
 informarea cu divertismentul, nota AM] si ca interesele si
 standardele locale nu sunt reprezentate adecvat de media locale. Alte
 nemultumiri se leaga de subreprezentarea unor segmente intregi de
 populatie, iar altele, de "inasprirea" continutului transmisiunilor.
 
 Indiferent insa de nemultumiri, un lucru este sigur: acestea sunt
 determinate de probleme structurale adanci. Sa ataci un singur
 simptom - precum indecenta unor transmisiuni - nu vindeca boala.
 Trebuie privit mai adanc, spre radacina raului.
 
 CINE DETINE MEDIA?
 
 Astazi, o mana de corporatii internationale controleaza aproape tot
 ce poti vedea, auzi, citi. Si nu este un accident. O politica
 guvernamentala corupta, constienta, a determinat in spatele usilor
 inchise relaxarea legilor privind proprietatea media [este vorba de
 legile anti-trust din SUA, n. AM] si a eliminat practic
 responsabilitatea fata de interesul public. Daca ii lasi, vor face un
 cartel...
 
 Cat de mari sunt aceste carteluri, puteti vedea in lista de mai jos.
 
 *General Electric
 http://www.ge.com/
 
 Venituri in 2003: 134,2 miliarde $. Grupul include: NBC, Telemundo,
 Universal Pictures, Universal Parks & Resorts, CNBC, Bravo, MSNBC, si
 mari holding-uri in numeroase alte sectoare de afaceri. GE a
 achizitionat recent multe din cele mai importante proprietati media
 detinute anterior de Vivendi: NBC, Paxson Communications (PAX),
 Telemundo Communications Group.
 
 Posturi TV: Paisprezece posturi NBC - WVTM (Birmingham, AL), KXAS
 (Dallas, TX), WMAQ (Chicago, IL), WCMH (Columbus, OH), WVIT
 (Hartford, CT), KNBC (Los Angeles, CA), WTVJ (Miami, FL), WNBC (New
 York, NY), WCAU (Philadelphia, PA), WJAR (Providence, RI), WNCN
 (Raleigh, NC), KNSD (San Diego, CA), WRC (Washington, DC), KNTV (San
 Jose, CA) - ca si 14 posturi locale Telemundo
 
 Canale prin cablu: Telemundo, Bravo, CNBC, MSNBC (proprietar impreuna
 cu Microsoft), mun2, Sci-Fi Channel, TRIO, USA Network, CNBC Europe,
 CNBC Asia-Pacific, Telemundo Internacional, NBC Europe, plus alte 8
 canale in Europa si America Latina sub marcile Sci-Fi, 13th Street,
 Studio Universal si USA brands
 
 Productie & distributie TV: NBC Universal Television Studio, NBC
 Universal Television Distribution (proprietari ai peste 4.000 de
 filme si peste 40.000 episoade de transmisiuni TV), Universal Studios
 Home Video
 
 Case de Film: Universal Pictures, Imagine Entertainment, Tribeca
 Films, Shady Acres, The Kennedy/Marshall Company, Double Feature
 Films, Playtone Company, Strike Entertainment, Type A Films, Depth of
 Field, Stephen Sommers, Working Title Films (Europa), Focus Features
 Universal
 
 Facilitati si resurse: Universal Studios Hollywood, Universal
 CityWalk, Universal Orlando (Universal Studios Florida, Islands of
 Adventure, complexul de distractii CityWalk, Portofino Bay Hotel,
 Hard Rock Hotel si Royal Pacific Resort), Wet-n-Wild Orlando,
 Universal Studios Japan + CityWalk, Universal Mediterranea (Spania,
 incluzand Universal Mediterranea Theme Park si Hotel Port Aventura)
 
 Productie militara: Fabrici de motoare pentru aeronave F-16 Fighter
 si A-10, tancuri Abrams, elicoptere Apache, bombardiere U2, Unmanned
 Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV), numeroase echipamente incluzand avioane,
 elicoptere, tancuri etc.
 
 Finantare pentru clienti mici: Furnizor de credite de consum,
 retaileri si autodealeri in peste 35 de tari
 
 Finantare Comerciala: GE Capital Aviation Services, GE Commercial
 Equipment Financing, GE Corporate Financial Services, GE Structured
 Finance Global Energy Unit, GE Fleet Services, GE Healthcare
 Financial Services, GE Real Estate, GE Vendor Financial Services
 
 Tehnologii avansate: ingineria materialelor termoplastice, produse
 bazate pe silicon, cuart si materiale ceramice
 
 Produse industriale: electrocasnice, sisteme de iluminare si sisteme
 industriale
 
 Energetica: Tehnologii pentru petrol si gaze, generatoare de energie;
 management industrial pentru energetica, inclusiv cea nucleara
 
 Sanatate: Diagnoza si imagerie medicala, tehnologie si servicii
 
 Infrastructura: GE Water Technologies, GE Silicones, GE
 Superabrasives si GE Quartz deservesc diferite industrii, inclusiv
 cosmetica, a semi-conductorilor, extractie de petrol, constructii si
 telecomunicatii
 
 Asigurari: Asigurari pentru afaceri si persoane
 
 Transport: Motoare pentru aeronave civile si militare de transport,
 locomotive de marfa si pasageri, sisteme motorizate pentru sonde,
 turbine cu gaz pentru aplicatii industriale
 
 *Time Warner
 http://www.timewarner.com/
 
 Venituri in 2003: 39,6 miliarde $. Grupul include: Warner Bros, AOL,
 CNN, HBO, Time Warner Cable, Turner (TNT, TBS), Cartoon Network, New
 Line Cinema, Castle Rock Entertainment, Atlantic Recordings,
 Elektra/Sire, Rhino, Time-Life Books, DC Comics, Fortune, Sports
 Illustrated, People, Netscape Communications.
 
 Retea TV: WB
 
 Canale prin cablu: HBO, CNN (inclusiv variantele, Headlines News,
 Airport Network, fn, International, Airport), TBS, Turner South, TNT,
 Cartoon Network, Turner Classic Movies, CourtTV (partial)
 
 Retea de cablu: servicii prin cablu
 
 Productie/Distributie TV: Warner Bros, Warner Bros Studios, WB
 Television (productie), WB TV Animation, Hanna-Barbera Cartoons,
 Telepictures Productions, Witt-Thomas Productions, Castle Rock
 Entertainment, Warner Home Video, WB Pay-TV, WB domestic & int'l TV
 distribution, New Line Cinema, Fine Line Features, Turner Original
 Productions
 
 Cinematografe: Warner Bros. International Theaters (cinematografe
 multiplex in peste 12 tari)
 
 Altele: New York 1 News, holding-uri internationale
 
 Grupul Warner Music: Atlantic (include Classics, Jazz, Nashville si
 Theatre labels), Big Beat, Blackground, Breaking, Igloo, Lava,
 Mesa/Bluemoon, Modern, 1 43, Rhino Records, Elektra Entertainment
 Group, Elektra, EastWest, Asylum, Elektra/Sire, Warner Brothers
 Records, Warner Brothers, Warner Nashville, Warner Alliance, Warner
 Resound, Warner Sunset, Reprise, Reprise Nashville, American
 Recordings, Giant, Maverick, Revolution, Qwest, Warner Music
 International, WEA Telegram, East West ZTT, Coalition, CGD East West,
 China, Continential, DRO East West, Erato, Fazer, Finlandia,
 Magneoton, MCM, Nonesuch, Teldec
 
 Alte facilitati in industria inregistrarilor muzicale:
 Warner/Chappell Music (editura), WEA Inc. (vanzari, distributie si
 manufactura), Ivy Hill Corporation (tiparire si ambalare), Warner
 Special Products
 
 Carti "Time-Life": Time-Life Int'l, Time-Life Education, Time-Life
 Music, Time-Life Audiobooks, Book-of-the-Month Club, Paperback Book
 Club, Children's Book-of-the-Month Club, History Book Club, Money
 Book Club, HomeStyle Books, Crafter's Choice, One Spirit,
 International, Little, Brown and Company, Bulfinch Press, Back Bay
 Books, Little, Brown and Company (Marea Britanie), Warner Books,
 Warner Vision, The Mysterious Press, Warner Aspect, Warner Treasures,
 Oxmoor House (subsidiar al Southern Progress Corporation), Leisure
 Arts, Sunset Books, TW Kids, Leisure Arts
 
 Reviste: Time (inclusiv Time for Kids, versiuni internationale etc.),
 Fortune, Business 2.0, Life, Sports Illustrated (si variante), Inside
 Stuff, Money, Your Company, Your Future, People, (si variante), Who
 Weekly, Entertainment Weekly, The Ticket, InStyle, Southern Living,
 Progressive Farmer, Southern Accents, Cooking Light, The Parent Group
 (Parenting, Baby Talk, Baby on the Way), This Old House, Sunset,
 Sunset Garden Guide, The Health Publishing Group (Health,
 Hippocrates, Coastal Living, Weight Watchers), Real Simple, Asiaweek
 (Japan), President (Japan), Dancyu (Japan), Wallpaper (UK), Field &
 Stream, Freeze, Golf Magazine, Outdoor Life, Popular Science,
 Saltwater Sportsman, Ski, Skiing Magazine, Skiing Trade News, SNAP,
 Snowboard Life, Ride BMX, Today's Homeowner, Transworld Skateboarding
 & Snowboarding, Verge, Yachting Magazine, Warp, partial proprietar al
 American Express Publishing (Travel & Liesure, Food & Wine,
 Departures, SkyGuide), Mad Magazine
 
 Altele: Netscape Communications, Netscape Netcenter portal, Winamp,
 CompuServe Interactive, ICQ, theknot.com (8%), MapQuest.com,
 Spinner.com, iAmaze, Amazon.com (partial), Quack.com, Streetmail
 (partial), Switchboard (6%), DrKoop.com, Legend (Chinese, 49%),
 Africana.com Services: Road Runner, Warner Publisher Services, Time
 Distribution Services, American Family Publishers (50%), Pathfinder
 
 Vanzari cu amanuntul: Warner Bros. Stores & Products
 
 Parcuri tematice: Warner Brothers Recreation Enterprises
 
 Facilitati pentru sport: Atlanta Braves, Hawks, Thrashers, Goodwill
 Games, Turner Sports, Philips Arena
 
 Diverse: Turner Learning, CNN Newsroom, Turner Adventure Learning,
 Turner Home Satellite, Turner Network Sales
 
 *Vivendi Universal
 http://www.vivendi.com
 
 Venituri in 2003: 25,5 miliarde euro. Grupul include: CANAL+,
 Cineplex Odeon Theatres (42%), MCA Records, PolyGram Records, Vivendi
 Telecom, si 26,8 millioane actiuni la TimeWarner. Vivendi Universal a
 vandut recent reteaua de cablu si studiourile de film (Universal
 Pictures, Sci-Fi Channel, USA Network) catre GE/NBC.
 
 Productie si distributie TV: CANAL+ (51%, furnizor european in
 sistem "pay-TV"), Brillstein-Grey Entertainment (50%, productie),
 Multimedia Entertainment; plus proprietate partiala asupra: HBO Asia
 Telecine (Brazilia) Cinecanal (America Latina), Showtime (Australia)
 Star Channel (Japonia), Telepiu ("pay-TV" italian)
 
 Productie si distributie de film: October Films (pachet majoritar),
 United International Pictures (33% - distrbutie internationala),
 Cinema International BV (49% - distributie video)
 
 Cinema: Cineplex Odeon (42%), Cinema International Corporation (49%),
 United Cinemas International (49%)
 
 Universal Music Group: MCA Records, MCA Records Nashville, Polygram,
 Motown, Decca Records, Deutsche Grammophon, GRP Recording Company,
 Geffen/DGC Records, Universal Records, Rising Tide, Interscope
 Records, Hip-O Records, Universal Music and Video Distribution,
 Universal Music International, MCA Music Publishing, Interscope Music
 Publishing, All Nations Catalog, Universal Concerts
 
 Productie IT: Universal Studios New Media Group, Universal Studios
 Online, Vivendi Universal Games (software si jocuri video), Universal
 Digital Arts, Interplay (pachet majoritar - producator de jocuri
 video), Vizzavi (portal european multi-acces)
 
 Pagini web: Education.com, Flipside.com, GetMusic (distribuitor de
 muzica online), @viso (50% cu Softbank), Allocin, Bonjour.fr, Ad2-
 One, Atmedica, Scoot, EMusic.com, Duet (cu Sony), MP3.com Telecom:
 Vivendi Telecom International, Cegetel (lider pe piata land-line in
 Franta), SFR (lider in servicii de telefonie mobila in Franta), Maroc
 Telecom (35%, cel mai important furnizor de servicii land-line si
 telefonie mobila din Morocco)
 
 Vanzari cu amanuntul: Spencer Gifts
 
 Diverse: Vivendi Environnement (distribuitorul de apa nr. 1 in lume),
 Viventures, Duet (servicii de abonamente muzicale cu Yahoo! si Sony)
 
 *Walt Disney
 http://www.disney.com/corporate
 
 Venituri in 2003: 28,4 miliarde $. Grupul include: ABC, Disney
 Channel, ESPN, A&E, History Channel, E!, Buena Vista, Touchstone
 Pictures, 10 posturi TV, peste 60 posturi radio, ESPN Radio, Miramax
 Films, Hyperion Books, parcuri tematice.
 
 Retele TV: ABC
 
 Canale prin cablu: ABC Family, The Disney Channel, Toon Disney,
 SoapNet, ESPN Inc. (80%, include ESPN & ESPN2, ESPN News, ESPN Now,
 ESPN Extreme, Classic Sports Network, ESPNHD), A&E Television (37.5%,
 impreuna cu Hearst si GE), The History Channel (impreuna cu Hearst
 and GE), Lifetime Television (50%, impreuna cu Hearst), Lifetime
 Movie Network (50% impreuna cu Hearst), E! Entertainment (impreuna cu
 Comcast si Liberty Media)
 
 Posturi TV locale: 10, inclusiv KABC (Los Angeles), WABC (New York
 City), WLS (Chicago), WJRT (Flint), KFSN (Fresno), KTRK (Houston),
 WPVI (Philadelphia), WTVD (Raleigh-Durham), KGO (San Francisco), WTVG
 (Toledo) Radio Disney, ESPN Radio
 
 Transmisii TV Internationale: The Disney Channel UK, The Disney
 Channel Taiwan, The Disney Channel Australia, The Disney Channel
 Malaysia, The Disney Channel France, The Disney Channel Middle East,
 The Disney Channel Italy, The Disney Channel Spain, ESPN INC.
 International Ventures, Sportsvision of Australia (25%), ESPN Brazil
 (50%), ESPN STAR (50%) - transmisiuni sportive pe cuprinsul Asiei,
 Net STAR (33%) proprietari ai The Sports Network of Canada
 
 Peste 60 posturi radio locale: WKHX (Atlanta), WYAY (Atlanta), WDWD
 (Atlanta), WMVP (Chicago), WLS (Chicago), WZZN (Chicago), WRDZ
 (Chicago), WBAP (Dallas), KSCS (Dallas), KMEO (Dallas), KESN
 (Dallas), KMKI (Dallas), WDRQ (Detroit), WJR (Detroit), WDVD
 (Detroit), KABC (Los Angeles), KLOS (Los Angeles), KDIS (Los
 Angeles), KSPN (Los Angeles), KQRS (Minneapolis - St. Paul), KXXR
 (Minneapolis - St. Paul), KDIZ (Minneapolis - St. Paul), WGVX
 (Minneapolis - St. Paul), WGVY (Minneapolis - St. Paul), WGVZ
 (Minneapolis - St. Paul), WABC (New York City), WPLJ (New York City),
 WQEW (New York City), WEVD (New York City), KGO (San Francisco), KSFO
 (San Francisco), KIID (Sacramento), KMKY (Oakland), WMAL (Washington
 DC), WJZW (Washington DC), WRQX (Washington DC), KQAM (Wichita), KKDZ
 (Seattle), WSDZ (St. Louis), WWMK (Cleveland), KMIX (Phoenix), KADZ
 (Denver), KDDZ (Denver), WWMI (Tampa), KMIC (Houston), WMYM (Miami),
 WWJZ (Philadelphia), WMKI (Boston), WDZK (Hartford), WDDZ
 (Providence), WDZY (Richmond), WGFY (Charlotte), WDYZ (Orland), WMNE
 (West Palm Beach), WEAE (Pittsburgh), WDRD (Louisville), WPPY
 (Albany), NY), KPHN (Kansas City), WQUA (Mobile), WBML
 (Jacksonville), WFDF (Flint), WFRO (Fremont), OH), WDMV (Damascus),
 MD), WHKT (Norfolk)
 
 Productie si Distributie TV: Buena Vista Television, Touchstone
 Television, Walt Disney Television, Walt Disney Television Animation
 
 Productie si Distributie de film: Walt Disney Pictures, Touchstone
 Pictures, Hollywood Pictures, Caravan Pictures, Miramax Films, Buena
 Vista Home Video, Buena Vista Home Entertainment, Buena Vista
 International
 
 Productie/Dezvoltare IT: Disney Interactive, ABC Internet Group, ESPN
 Internet Group
 
 Pagini web: ABC.com, ABCNews.com, Oscar.com, Disney.com, Family.com,
 ESPN.com, Soccernet.co (60%), NFL.com, NBA.com, NASCAR.com,
 Toysmart.com (partial), Go Network
 
 Altele: Mr. Showbiz, Disney's Daily Blast, Skillgames, Wall of Sound
 
 Muzica: Buena Vista Music Group, Hollywood Records (muzica de succes
 si coloane sonore de film), Lyric Street Records (casa de discuri din
 Nashville, specializata in albume country), Mammoth Records (casa de
 discuri axata pe muzica de succes si alternativa), Walt Disney
 Records
 
 Edituri: Walt Disney Company Book Publishing, Hyperion Books, Miramax
 Books
 
 Grupuri editare publicatii: ABC Publishing Group, Disney Publishing,
 Inc., Diversified Publications Group, Financial Services and Medical
 Group, Miller Publishing Company
 
 Reviste: Automotive Industries, Biography (impreuna cu GE si Hearst),
 Discover, Disney Adventures, Disney Magazine, ECN News, ESPN Magazine
 (distribuita de Hearst), Family Fun, Institutional Investor, JCK,
 Kentucky Prairie Farmer, Kodin, Top Famille (French), US Weekly
 (50%), Video Business, Quality
 
 Productie de teatru: Walt Disney Theatrical Productions (include
 versiuni de scena ale The Lion King, Beauty and the Beast, King
 David)
 
 Parcuri tematice si & Resorturi: Disneyland (Anaheim), Disney-MGM
 Studios, Disneyland Paris, Disney Regional Entertainment, Disneyland
 Resort, Disney Vacation Club, Epcot, Magic Kingdom, Tokyo Disneyland
 (partial), Walt Disney World (Orlando - Florida, include Epcot, Magic
 Kingdom, Sports Complex, etc.), Disney's Animal Kingdom, Disney
 Cruise Line, The Disney Institute
 
 Facilitati sportive: Anaheim Sports, Inc., Mighty Ducks of Anaheim
 (NHL)
 
 Vanzari in detaliu: The Disney Store
 
 Financiar: Sid R. Bass, productie titei si gaze naturale (partial)
 
 - VA URMA -
 
